Bu çalismada, borik asidin (H3BO3) Listeria (L.) monocytogenes ve Staphylococcus (S.) aureus’a karsi antibakteriyel etkinliginin belirlenmesi amaçlandi. Antibakteriyel etkinliginin belirlenmesinde National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) kriterleri dikkate alindi. Borik asidin minimal inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MIK) ve minimal bakterisidal konsantrasyonu (MBK) L. monocytogenes için 1/32 (1.93 mg/ml), S. aureus için ise 1/16 (3.80 mg/ml) olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, ülkemizin önemli yeralti zenginliklerinden bor madeninin bir yan ürünü olan borik asidin, daha ayrintili in vitro ve in vivo çalismalardan sonra alternatif bir antibakteriyel olarak kullanilabilecegi kanisina varildi.

In this study; intercellular molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated in neonatal calves with presumed septicemia. The material of this study consisted of a total of 30 calves. Study group consisted of 20 septicemic calves and 10 clinically healthy calves and with same breed and weight and their ages were between 1 and 10 days. The statistical analysis indicated that leukocyte (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct) hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values in neonatal calves with presumed septicemia were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), whereas PLT values of neonatal calves with septicemia were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of ICAM-1, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP values in septicemic calves were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). As a result, it was concluded that analyzes of TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8 and particularly ICAM-1 concentrations may be considered in evaluating the severity and prognosis of patients with septicemia, as well as monitoring the efficacy of the treatment of the disease.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the mixing of either vetch or alfalfa with caramba on in vitro true dry matter digestibility for ruminants. The forage mixtures were formed in that caramba hay (100%), vetch hay (100%), alfalfa hay (100%), vetch hay+caramba hay (75+25%), vetch hay+caramba hay (50+50%), vetch hay+caramba hay (25+75%), alfalfa hay+caramba hay (75+25%), alfalfa hay+caramba hay (50+50%), alfalfa hay+ caramba hay (25+75%). The filter bags containing forage mixtures, buffer solutions and rumen fluid were prepared as described for Ankom Daisy in vitro fermentation system. Buffer solutions, rumen fluid and the filter bags containing samples were added to digestion units and incubated at 39 °C for 48 h. After incubation, the incubation medium inside of digestion units was removed and the filter bags gently washed until they were completely clean. Thereafter, neutral detergent fiber procedure was performed. In vitro true dry matter digestibility of caramba (74.35±1.18%) was significantly high, in vitro true dry matter digestibilities of vetch and alfalfa hays were similar to each other. There were increases (P<0.05) in in vitro true dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility values of forage mixtures with the increasing levels of caramba. Since forage mixtures formed by either vetch hay or alfalfa hay with caramba had higher digestibility values than those of vetch and alfalfa hays, this result may be attributed to a positive interaction between feeds.

This study was carried out with the purpose of determining the general statuses and current production infrastructures of farmers in the province of Van in Turkey who deal with agriculture and animal husbandry and providing recommendations by finding out about the problems that lead to reduction in production. For this purpose, survey forms that were held with trainees who attended training programs at DAP (Eastern Anatolian Project) Farmer Training Center at Van Yuzuncu Yil University were utilized. The vast majority (89.51%) of the participants of these training programs consisted of low-income individuals, and a significant part among these individuals (37.90%) owned agricultural land with areas in the range of 5-20 da. The ratios of those who acquired the coarse feeds and concentrate feeds that were used at their establishment from outside were found respectively as 21.55% and 43.56%. Most participants stated that they grazed their animals in forage land (90.87%) and did not use silage (81.60%). 60.37% of the participants took part in cattle breeding, 28.11% took part in sheep breeding, 53.54% were not involved in any agricultural association, and 58.18% did not receive agriculture-related assistance. The main problem in the establishments was determined as feeds and feeding the animals (25.75%), which were followed by health problems (21.89%).

The use of clove oil (eugenol) as an anesthetic for Lake Van fish(Chalcalburnus tarichi), an endemic cyprinid fish species ofLake Van basin, was examined. Induction times were determined to be =35, <4, <3, <2, < 2 and =1 min at 20, 40,50, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L clove oil concentrations, respectively. Recovery times upon 10 min of exposure to eugenol were determined respectively to be >3, >4,>3, >4,>6 and >8 min clove oil can be considered as a suitable anesthetic for Chalcalburnus tarichi and an optimum anesthetic concentration of 50 mg/L is recommended.

Bu çalismanin materyalini Adana ili Ceyhan ilçesinde aile süt sigircilik isletmelerinde, yaslari 2-8 arasinda degisen farkli irklardan (Holstayn ve Melez) toplam 100 inege ait 400 meme lobu olusturdu. Çalismada ineklerin irki, yasi, laktasyon sayisi, laktasyon dönemleri, günlük ortalama süt verimi ile CMT skoru arasindaki iliskiler incelendi. Holstayn ve (%49.6) Melez (%46.4) irki ineklerde CMT pozitiflik oranlari arasinda fark bulunmadi. Yas (=4 ve 5=) ve laktasyon sayisi arttikça (2 ve =3) CMT pozitifligin görülme oraninin arttigi, laktasyonun 7-9. aylarinda CMT skorunun daha yüksek oldugu tespit edildi. Çalismada ineklerin meme loplari ile CMT pozitiflik oranlari arasinda istatistiksel bir fark bulunmadi. Çalismada ineklerin günlük süt veriminin ortalama 18 kg oldugu belirlenmis olup, süt verim kaybinin ineklerin CMT test skorlarina göre önemli ölçüde farkliliklar gösterdigi tespit edildi. CMT (+) olan ineklerde süt verim kaybinin ortalama 3.7 kg, CMT (++) olanlarda 5.35 kg, CMT (+++) olanlarda 6.87 kg olarak tespit edildi. Yapilan analizde, CMT test skoru ile süt verimi iliskisinin dogrusal ve ters yönlü (p<0.001); CMT meydana gelen l ünite artisin neden oldugu süt verim kaybinin 1.92 kg/inek/gün oldugu tahmin edilmistir.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes high-grade fever in humans, ruminants, horses, cats, and dogs. A. phagocytophilum, which causes granulocytic anaplasmosis in dogs, has a wide geographical distribution in the world, but there are not many studies on the Anaplasma species in dogs in Turkey. A. phagocytophilum, which infects leukocytes in dog, might also be zoonotic. This study aimed to investigate the A. phagocytophilum prevalence in stray dogs in Batman province of Turkey using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Blood samples were drawn into EDTA tubes from the venae cephalica antebrachii of randomly selected 97 asymptomatic dogs in total. Identification of A. phagocytophilum was carried out using the conventional PCR method that was conducted by using the DNAs obtained from the samples. A. phagocytophilum prevalence was found to be 3.1% in the examined blood samples. In conclusion, infection of dogs in Batman province with A. phagocytophilum has been revealed molecularly for the first time with this study. It is considered that detection of this species, which can cause disease (Human granulocytic anaplasmosis) in humans as well, has contributed epidemiologically to the data on the spread of the disease throughout Turkey. Moreover, investigating the tick species that transmit the disease in the region where the study was conducted is important for developing effective control strategies against the disease.

This study was aimed to investigate the liver of red-legged partridge in regards of morphologic and histologic features. In this study, the liver tissues of ten red-legged partridges were removed and fixed into 10% formaldehyde solution for 72 hours. After fixation, the liver tissues were dehydrated through a graded alcohol series to xylene and embedded in paraffin blocks. Obtained sections 5-7 µm thickness of sections from paraffin blocks were stained with Crossman Modified Triple staining and examined for histologic structures. In morphologic examining, the liver of red-legged partridges consisted of two lobs. In addition, histologic analysis showed that liver tissue was covered with a thick connective tissue and this connective tissue made up of many smaller units of liver cells called lobules. Hepatocytes were seen radially round and located around central vena, which consists of remark cords. The squamous cells and Kupffer cells were observed in the sinusoidal lining. In conclusion; the results from this study indicated that there were some structural differences from other bird species, but not functionally.

In this study, the effects of clove added in different concentrations to the probiotic yogurts on some microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of yogurts were investigated. Probiotic yogurts were produced using yogurt and probiotic cultures. Four groups were established, including a control group and groups clove 1, clove 2 and clove 3, and 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 1% powdered clove were added to the groups, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the clove used in the study was performed. The addition of clove to probiotic yogurt showed antibacterial activity on Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus while clove depending on its concentration was found to support bacterial growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (P <0.05). In addition, pH, fat-free dry matter and fat content of yogurts were affected depending on the clove concentrations. When the sensory qualities were scored such as appearance, consistency, smell and taste of yogurts, the scores of cloves-added (0.1% and 0.3%) probiotic yogurts were closer to the control group. These results have shown that the clove added probiotic yogurt increases the microbial and chemical quality of the product, and but it had a limited positive effect on its sensory properties.

Alopecia, as primary skin lesion causes dermatocosmetical problems for animals and their owners. It should not be unwise to draw suggestion that newer molecular agents, probably phytotherapeutical compound should have helped treatment. In the present article the researchers identified case series of natural alopecia model in 3 cats and 3 dogs, to those of which gave satisfactory respond to topical Curcuma longa with Nigella sativa combination in 8 to 12 days, almost with complete hair regrowth.

The effect of acupuncture on the healing of fractures and oxygen free radicals (ROS) in fractured femur rats has been studied. In this study, 54 female Wistar albino rats (250-300 g in weight) were randomly divided into 10 groups including, control, sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21 of acupuncture, sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21 of fracture, and sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21 of fracture+acupuncture application. The rats in the control group received no treatment. The 0.5 mm thick kirschner wire was advanced intramedullary as retrograde from the fracture line of the proximal part of the bone and fracture detection was performed. After fracture formation, acupuncture (50 Hz, 20 qA, 25 minutes) was applied to the rats. This treatment was applied for 7, 14 and 21 days as 4 sessions per week. The rats were sacrificed 7, 14 and 21 days after fracture formation and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), whole blood glutathione (GSH) levels, erythrocyte catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were measured. Plasma MDA and GSH levels were statistically significant in all fracture groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was observed statistically significant reduction in the fracture+acupuncture groups according to the fracture group (p<0.05). While blood CAT activities in 7 day of fracture was observed statistically significant no change compared to the control group, It showed a statistically significant reduction in 14 and 21 days of fracture compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant decrease in blood SOD, GSH-Px and G6PD activities compared to the control group in fracture groups. CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and G6PD activities showed a significant increase in the fracture+acupuncture groups compared to the fracture group (p<0.05). As a result, the application of acupuncture can positively influence the healing process of the fracture by suppressing the harmful effects of ROS and regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes.

Chitosan is a natural polymer with antioxidant and chelating properties. This study investigated the effects of chitosan on lead (Pb), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin concentrations and catalase (CAT) activity in the kidney tissue of the rats exposed to lead. 28 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of eight each: control (C), lead group (Pb group), lead+ chitosan (Pb+CS group), and chitosan (CS group). The lead group was administered 50 mg/kg lead acetate intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 days, and the chitosan groups (CS+Pb and CS groups) were administered 200 mg/kg chitosan for 28 days via gavage. At the end of the study, Pb, MDA, 8-OHdG, ceruloplasmin, GSH concentrations and catalase activity were measured in the kidney tissue. In the Pb-treated groups when compared with the control group, Pb, MDA, 8-OHdG, ceruloplasmin concentrations were significantly increased, and GSH concentration and catalase activity were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Coadministration of chitosan with lead significantly decreased Pb, MDA, and ceruloplasmin levels and significantly increased CAT activity in the kidney tissue (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in GSH and 8-OHDG levels (p>0.05). The obtained results show that chitosan protects the kidney against lead-induced oxidative stress.

Diabetes mellitus; insülin sekresyonundaki azlik ve dokularda insüline karsi gelisen direnç ile sekillenmis, morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek olan bir hastaliktir. Arastirmada Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanlari Ünitesi’nden saglanan olan 300-350 gram canli agirlikta 7-8 haftalik 32 saglikli Wistar Albino disi rat kullanildi. Rastgele 8 er siçandan olusmus 4 gruba ayrildi. Kontrol grubundaki ratlara yem ve su disinda herhangi bir bilesik verilmedi. Ikinci Grup: Diyabet grubundaki ratlara 45 mg/kg tek doz streptozotosin i.p. yoldan uygulandi. 72 saat sonra kuyruk veninden alinan kan örneklerinde glukoz düzeyleri saptandi kan sekerleri 250 mg/dl ve üzerinde olanlar diyabetik olarak kabul edildi. Üçüncü grup: Çuha çiçegi grubundaki ratlara agizdan sonda ile 0,1 ml/rat/gün dozunda çuha çiçegi yagi 20 gün süreyle verildi. Dördüncü Grup: Diyabet+Çuha çiçegi yagi grubunda, diyabetli ratlara yine 0,1 ml/rat/gün dozunda çuha çiçegi yagi sonda ile agizdan 20 gün süreyle verildi. Deneysel uygulamalardan sonra kalpten kan örnekleri alindi ve elde edilen plazmalar insülin, resistin,adiponektin analizlerinde kullanildi. Açlik Glukoz düzeyleri glukometrik, diger parametreler ise ELISA yöntemiyle saptandi. Diyabetli ratlarda glukoz, insülin ve resisitin düzeyleri artarken adiponektin düzeyi azalmis, bu gruba çuha çiçegi yagi verilince degerler p=0.05 düzeyinde önemle pozitif yönde degismistir.Bu sonuçlar çuha çiçegi yaginin diyabette görülen bazi olumsuz biyokimyasal parametrelerdeki degisimleri onarici yönde etki ederek Tip 2 diyabetin tedavisinde kullanilabilecegini göstermektedir.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate histopathologically the case of osteosarcoma detected in an Belgian Malinois race dog. The material of the study consisted of a 8.5-year-old Belgian Malinois race female dog weighing 30 kg. With the complaints of abdominal distention, difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite, fatigue, the dog brought to the Veterinary Faculty of Kafkas University Animal Hospital died on the way and was sent to the Department of Pathology for necropsy. In the follow-up, some of the tissue samples taken from the systemic necropsy animal were determined in the decalcified solution and another part in the buffered formaldehyde solution. Following routine procedures, 5 µm thick sections were taken from the prepared paraffin blocks for Hematoxylin Eosin staining. To determine the histopathological changes, the sections were examined by light microscope. In the light of the histopathological findings, osteosarcoma was diagnosed in the brain and lung metastatic foci.